Concrete timbering for tunnels.



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Patented Nov. 8, 1910.

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T. H. STANLEY.

GONGRBTE TIMBBRING FOR TUNNELS. APPLmATloN FILED APB. se, 190.9.

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T. H. STANLEY.

CONCRETE TIMBBRING P0P. TUNNELS.

APPLICATION FILED APR.29, 1909.

975,084. Patented Nov. s, 1910.

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vGONGRBTE TIMBERING FOR TUNNELS.

APPLmATIoN FILED Amma, 190s.

Patented Nov. 8, 1910.7`

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THOMAS H. STANLEY, OF DENVER, COLORADO.

CONCRETE TIMBERING- FOR TUNNELS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led April 29, 1909. Serial N o. 493,034.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, THOMAS H. STANLEY, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and county of Denver and State of Colorado, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Concrete Timbering forTunnels; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures ofreference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in concrete timbering for mine orother tunnels, my object being to provide a tunnel structure which shallbe absolutely secure, readily constructed and practically indestructiblewhen installed.

This timbering consists of uprights, top and bottom members suitablyinterlocked with the uprights and side members whose extremities arefashioned or tenoned to interlock with the uprights, the latter beingprovided with mortises or sockets to receive the tenoned ends of theside members.

Having briefly outlined my improved construction, I will proceed todescribe the same in detail, reference being made to the accompanyingdrawing in which is illustrated an embodiment thereof.

In this drawing, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section takenthrough a tunnel, timbered in accordance with my invention. Fig, 2 is avertical cross section of the same taken on the line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3is an edge view of one of the side timbering members. Fig. 4 is a sideview of the same. Fig. 5 is a section taken through two of the uprightson the same side of the t-unnel, illustrating the manner of applying theside members to the uprights. Fig. 6 is a top plan view of one of thetop members of the tunnel structure. Fig. 7 is a side or edge view ofthe same. Fig. Sis a section taken through two uprights on oppositesides of the tunnel, and cutting the mortises engaged by the tenonedextremities of the bottom members. Fig. 9 is a side or edge view of oneof the bottom members. Fig. 10 is a detail view of one of the uprightsor posts looking at the side opposite that shown in Fig. 2.

The same reference characters indicate the same parts in all the views.

Let the numeral 5 designate the uprights or posts of the timberingstructure; 6 the side members of the same, 7 the bottom members and 8the top members thereof.

Each upright is provided intermediate its extremities with two sets ofmortises, those on one side being designated 9 and those on the oppositeside 10. The mortises 9 have an opening 12 extending from the innersurface of the post outwardly, the inner portions being in communicationwith a downwardly extending mortise part 13. Both the parts 12 and 13 ofeach mortise 9, are also open on one side of the post or upright topermit the insertion of the tenoned extremity 14 of a side member 6. Onthe opposite side of each post from the mortises 9 are located themortises 10 which have no opening extending to the inner surface of thepost. These mortises 10, however, are open on the side of the post forthe introduction of the tenoned extremities 14 of the members 6, and theupper portions 15 of these mortises 10 are somewhat wider than the lowerportions 16 thereof.

The parts 12 and 13 of the mortises 9 are of dove-tail shape asindicated by the dotted lines 17 and 18 (see Fig. 2). This is also trueof the parts 15 and 16 of the mortises 10 as indicated by the dottedlines 19 and 20. (See Fig. 10). This peculiar shape of both sets ofmortises is required by the dove-tail shape of the tenons 14 of the sidemembers.

The lower extremity of each post 5 is provided with a mortise 21 havinga part 22 open on one side of the post to receive a dove-tailed tenon 23of a bottom member 7. The inner portion of the mortise part 22communicates with a downwardly extending mortise part 24 into which thetenon 23 dro-ps after its introduction into the mortise part 22 (seeFig. 8). The mortises 21 are of dove-tail shape to receive the tenons23. It is evident that when the tenons 23 have dropped into the lowerparts 24 of the mortises 21, the bottom members can be removed ordisengaged from the posts by rst lifting them and then moving them inthe opposite direction from their movement when inserting them in theposts or standards. These bottom members by virtue of their tenonedPatented Nov. 8, 1910.

extremities, are provided with shoulders 25 formed by the casting of thetenons upon the said members. These shoulders, of course, engage the'inner surfaces of the standards on opposite sides of the mortise parts24 when the bottom members are inV place.

Attention is called to the fact that in Fig. 2, in one instance, theside member 6 is so out as to show only the cross section of the tenon,while in the other instances, the section is taken through the body ofthe side members. It may also be stated that in the case of theuppermost mortise 9 at the left of Fig. 2, the mortise is shown withouta tenon therein, for the purpose of more clearly indicating its shape.

The upper extremities of the' posts or standards are mortised from thetop downwardly to receive the dove-tailed tenons 26 of the top members'8. These top members when in place, securely bind the standardstogether at the top and prevent them from spreading by virtue of thedove-tail shape of the tenons. On top of the members 8, is placed acovering of slabs 27 which may be made to completely close the tunnel atthe top to prevent any loose or granular' material from entering thetunnel in case the formation should be of such a nature as to reuirethis covering. Side slabs ma also be Vvintroducing the plast-icmaterial.

As it is generally necessary to place tracks for cars in the bottom ofthe tunnel, suitable ties 30 may be interposed between the concretetimbers 7, for the purpose of securing the track rails 31 in place.

After the tunnel uprights are in place, the other members may be quicklyand easily applied. The bottom members 7 are applied to the posts byinserting their tenons 23 first in the parts 22 of the mortises 21,after which the tenons drop downwardly into the parts 24; of the saidmortises. The top members are applied by simply placing them in positionso that. their tenons 26 may drop downwardly into the mortises in theupper extremities of the posts 5.

In applying y.the side members, the latter are held in the positionshown in Fig. 5 after which one of the tenons is inserted in the upperpart 15 of one of the mortises 10 while the opposite tenon 14 is causedto enter the part 12 of one of the mortises 9 of another post, afterwhich the tenons are allowedto drop downwardly respectively entering theparts 13 and 30 of the mortises 9 and 10. In order to remove these sidemembers, the loperation just described is reversed. It will thus be seenthat the operation of installing the structure may be readilyaccomplished, the timbering members having been constructed to interlockin the manner heretofore explained.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is:

l. A concrete timbering structure for mines or other tunnels, comprisinguprights having mortises formed in their sides, the

said mortises being formed near the outery sides of the uprights, oneset of mortises of each upright having laterally extending openings fromtheir upper portions to the inner surfaces of the uprights, while thelower parts of the mortises are closed on their inner surface, near theouter edge kof the uprights, the mortises on the opposite sides of theuprights being closed on the inner surface of the uprights, but havingopenings from the upper portion of the mortises, the said openingsextending laterally toward the inner side of the uprights, and the saidmortises adapted to receive tenons of side members, the mortises of theuprights being correspondingly shaped for engagement with the sidemembers.

2. A concrete timbering structure, comprising uprights held in positionby transverse bottom and top members, side bars mortised in suitablemortises formed on opposite sides of the uprights, the extremities ofsaid side bars being tenoned, the outside of the tenons having astraight outer edge to lie Hat against the outer side of the mortises inthe upright members, and the inner sidesV of said tenons having aninclined surface toward the body portion of the side members, themortises of the uprights being correspondingly shaped for engagementwith the said side members.

3. A tunneling structure composed of uprights suitably separated, eachupright having mortises on opposite sides, the said mortises beingformed near the outer sides of the uprights, one set of mortises of eachupright having laterally extending openings to the inner surface of theuprights, while the lower parts of the mortises are closed on the innersurface near the outer edge of the uprights, the mortises on theopposite sides ofthe uprights being closed on the inner surface of theuprights, but having openings from the upper portion of the mortises,the said openings extending laterally toward the inner side of theuprights, the outer sides of the mortises on the opposite sides of thepost having a flat surface and the inner .side of the said mortiseshaving their sides inclined toward the center of the post, and sidetimbering members Whose sides are tenoned to the inclined surface of theinner side of the enter the inortises of the uprights, the said saidniortises, substantially as described. 10 tenons having a straight outeredge adapted In testimon whereof I affix my signature to lie flatagainst the corresponding fiat surin presence of two Witnesses.

face of the outer side of the niortises, the op- THOMAS H. STANLEY.posite side of the tenon having an inclined Witnesses:

surface toward the body portion of the side A. J. OBRIEN,

member and adapted to fit snugly against n A. EBERT OBRIEN.

